Rosie the Riveter—the strong, competent woman dressed in overalls and bandanna—was introduced as a symbol of patriotic womanhood. The accoutrements of war work—uniforms, tools, and lunch pails—were incorporated into the revised image of the feminine ideal.
In the face of acute wartime labor shortages, women were needed in the defense industries, the civilian service, and even the Armed Forces. Despite the continuing 20th century trend of women entering the workforce, publicity campaigns were aimed at those women who had never before held jobs.
Poster and film images glorified and glamorized the roles of working women and suggested that a woman's femininity need not be sacrificed. Whether fulfilling their duty in the home, factory, office, or military, women were portrayed as attractive, confident, and resolved to do their part to win the war. These jobs will have to be glorified as a patriotic war service if American women are to be persuaded to take them and stick to them.
Their importance to a nation engaged in total war must be convincingly presented. At the beginning of the war, African Americans could join the Navy but could serve only as messmen. Restricted to the position of messman, he received no gunnery training. But during the attack, at great personal risk, he manned the weapon of a fallen gunman and succeeded in hitting Japanese planes.
He was awarded the Navy Cross, but only after persistent pressure from the black press. Joe Louis Says—We,re Going to do our part. Nevertheless, an overwhelming majority of African Americans participated wholeheartedly in the fight against the Axis powers.
They did so, however, with an eye toward ending racial discrimination in American society. This objective was expressed in the call, initiated in the black press for the "Double V"—victory over fascism abroad and over racism at home. The Government was well aware of the demoralizing effects of racial prejudice on the American population and its impact on the war effort. Consequently, it promoted posters, pamphlets, and films highlighting the participation and achievement of African Americans in military and civilian life.
We say glibly that in the United States of America all men are free and equal, but do we treat them as if they were? There is religious and racial prejudice everywhere in the land, and if there is a greater obstacle anywhere to the attainment of the teamwork we must have, no one knows what it is. During the war years, gasoline, rubber, sugar, butter, and meat were rationed.
Government publicity reminded people that shortages of these materials occurred because they were going to the troops, and that civilians should take part in conservation and salvage campaigns. President Roosevelt was a gifted communicator. On January 6, , he addressed Congress, delivering the historic "Four Freedoms" speech.
At a time when Western Europe lay under Nazi domination, Roosevelt presented a vision in which the American ideals of individual liberties were extended throughout the world. Alerting Congress and the nation to the necessity of war, Roosevelt articulated the ideological aims of the conflict. Eloquently, he appealed to Americans' most profound beliefs about freedom. The speech so inspired illustrator Norman Rockwell that he created a series of paintings on the "Four Freedoms" theme.
In the series, he translated abstract concepts of freedom into four scenes of everyday American life. Although the Government initially rejected Rockwell's offer to create paintings on the "Four Freedoms" theme, the images were publicly circulated when The Saturday Evening Post, one of the nation's most popular magazines, commissioned and reproduced the paintings.
After winning public approval, the paintings served as the centerpiece of a massive U. We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want. The fourth is freedom from fear. Our Homes Are in Danger Now! Keep These Hands Off! A study of commercial posters undertaken by the U. Government found that images of women and children in danger were effective emotional devices. The Canadian poster at right was part of the study and served as a model for American posters, such as the one below, that adopted a similar visual theme.
Buy War Bonds. We're Fighting to Prevent This, by C. Public relations specialists advised the U. Germany implanted dehumanizing thoughts against the Jewish nation and also created a strong sense of nationalism. On the other side of the coin, The United States was more successful with their campaign of propaganda.
Through propaganda, Americans promoted production so the American army would be supplied sufficiently and also the American people would have jobs.
In the end, The United States and the Allied Powers won the war, so this shows that they were more effective in their attempt. They built a stronger feeling of nationalism within the American people which led to a greater will to win.
The American public would go to the ends of the earth to win this war and this is the reason that The United States was more effective than Germany. Propaganda played a huge part in World War II for Germany and The United States and the power to control such a great tool was the greatest weapon both countries could have ever used. Merriam — Webster Dictionary. Nazi War Propaganda.
Oxford University Press, Michael Balfour. Propaganda in War. Robert Edwin Herztein. The War That Hitler Won. Logman Canada Limited. Paul Fussel. Allan M. The Politics of Propaganda. Yale University Press. Clayton D. The Propaganda Warriors. Nicholas John Cull. Selling War. Oxford University Press. Anthony Rhodes. Propaganda, The Art Of Persuasion. Chelsea House Publishers. Typecasting Allan M. During the implementation of the " Final Solution ," the mass murder of European Jews, SS officials at killing centers compelled the victims of the Holocaust to maintain the deception necessary to deport the Jews from Germany and occupied Europe as smoothly as possible.
Concentration camp and killing center officials compelled prisoners, many of whom would soon die in the gas chambers, to send postcards home stating that they were being treated well and living in good conditions. Here, the camp authorities used propaganda to cover up atrocities and mass murder. The SS and police had established Theresienstadt in November as an instrument of propaganda for domestic consumption in the German Reich.
When the film was completed, SS officials deported most of the "cast" to the Auschwitz -Birkenau killing center. The Nazi regime used propaganda effectively to mobilize the German population to support its wars of conquest until the very end of the regime. Nazi propaganda was likewise essential to motivating those who implemented the mass murder of the European Jews and of other victims of the Nazi regime.
It also served to secure the acquiescence of millions of others—as bystanders —to racially targeted persecution and mass murder. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. View the list of all donors. Trending keywords:. Featured Content.
Tags Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics. Browse A-Z Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically. For Teachers Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust. Wise — International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. About This Site. Glossary : Full Glossary.
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