Their economic and social conditions were deplorable. The peasants were afraid even to stand before the landlord.
They had to wear the dhoti above the ankle. Women were forbidden to wear sarees that cover and the leg below the knee. They all had to toil in the landlord's house but without payment.
They could not ever dream of education. The dumb toilers accepted their lot as the will of fate. A new wind blew across the region after the attainment of freedom. The peasantry awoke. They realized that the too were human beings. They formed unions. But the landlords did not like all this.
Suppose these people who had been trampled upon for ages turned against the landlords? Fear gripped the landlords' minds. The peasants were evicted from the lands they had been cultivating.
In , the peasants organized themselves. They decided to fight injustice. The Farmers' Union and the Socialist Party of Karnataka launched a satyagraha against the landlords' injustice. Many farmers got into their fields in-groups to fight for their rights. The Government took the side of the landlords. Led by the socialist party, farmers poured in hundreds into the jails in Sagar and Shimoga. The news reached Lohiya in the month of July He rushed to Karnataka. Accompanied by the local leaders, he went straight from Bangalore to Sagar.
From Sagar off to the village of Kagodu. Since it was the monsoon season, there was incessant rainfall. On the 12th of July the weather was slightly better in the afternoon. With the flag of the Socialist Party in one hand, Lohiya led the peasants and got into the fields.
He launched the Satyagraha. The atmosphere was quiet but tense when the procession went through the streets of the village. Soon after the procession, Lohiya arrived at the resthouse of the Sagar Railway Station. It was around midnight. Senior police officials of the district came there and arrested Lohiya. Lohiya sat through the whole night along with his jailmates in the police lockup in Sagar.
The next morning he was brought to the Shimoga jail along with other leaders! There were already quite a few satyagrahis in the jail. That evening Lohiya was taken to Bangalore and kept in confinement in the Government House. When an appeal was made to the High Court, Lohiya was released. While in the Shimoga jail, the inmates were not being given enough food.
The food given to them sufficed only for one meal a day. The satygrahis had to depend on the food sent from outside by supporters. Lohiya was deeply moved at this state of affairs. But he had little money with him.
He had hardly thirty-two rupees in his purse. When the police officials came to take him to Bangalore, Lohiya handed over to his jailmates all the money he had. His friends tried hard to dissuade him but in vain. It was not only in Karnataka that Lohiya participated in peasants' agitations. He participated in all the agitations of the downtrodden throughout the country. He was in the vanguard in every fight for the working class against all forms of injustice. He had not only pity for the common man but respect as well.
Once he travelled by train from Sagar to Shimoga in a third class compartment. He was accompanied by some party workers of the Socialist Party. Some of them stretched their legs ignoring the inconvenience to those in the opposite row. There were some farmers in that row. Lohiya could not control his displeasure. He said to the man next to him "This conduct does not befit a socialist. Explain this to the other friends.
The first General Elections in free India were held in The Socialist party fielded its candidates all over the country. Doctor Lohiya did not contest. He toured all the states to explain the aims of his party. He visited the erstwhile Mysore State too and addressed many public meetings. The election did not bring much success to the Socialist Party. The new party was named the Praja Socialist Party. Acharya Kripalani became the President of the party. Doctor Lohiya was the General Secretary.
Lohiya stayed with Kripalani's family and parctically became one of them. Thus Kripalani developed great affection for Lohiya. During this period, Travancore and Cochin, the two princely states, had been merged to form a single state.
Once there was an agitation by estate workers. The Govern- ment resorted to firing. Lohiya could not condone this action of the Government headed by his own party. His contention was that the so-called people's party had no right to misuse its powers and to use repression against its own people.
He demanded that the Praja Socialist Party Government should resign immediately. He even took a firm stand on the issue. Many leaders in the party did not want to accept his stand. But Lohiya did not budge. Finally in the Praja Socialist Party took disciplinary action against Lohiya.
In the field of social revolution Lohiya was a galvanizing personality. Vast numbers of young men and women were attracted to his way of thinking. They resented the disciplinary action against Lohiya. The idea of rebuilding the erstwhile Socialist Party began to take shape. In , towards the end of Decemeber, the socialist Lohiyaites met in Hyderabad to exchange views.
At last the Socialist Party was reborn. It was the midnight of the 31st of December The City of Hyderabad witnessed a torch light procession which symbolized the birth of the new party.
The Socialist Party chalked out a specific programme. Lohiya was the author of this programme. He explained the fundamental aims of the party and clarified its practical approach.
He started 'Mankind', an English daily from Hyderabad, which voiced his views. He also started 'Jana' -a Hindi monthly. Lohiya was an exceptionally talented person. He had mastered different schools of social and political doctrines. He was deeply influenced by thinkers of the West.
Prominent among them was Karl Marx. Gandhis' concept of Satyagraha had made a strong impact on India. Lohiya was impressed by the way in which millions of unarmed Indians fought the mighty British.
He advocated the realization of socialist ideals through Satyagraha. He firmly believed that the differences between the haves and the havenots, the rich and the poor could be resolved by nonviolent means. Huge mechanization may be useful in advanced regions like Europe and America. India is a land of teeming, millions. The biggest problem is to provide jobs for millions. Hence using small machinery is the only solution. There are, of course, differences between Capitalism and Communism, but both rely on large-scale use of heavy machines.
Mere change of ownership does not bring about equality. The very idea of mechanised industry should be changed. Such were Lohiya's views. Lohiya had definite views regarding Indian languages. English is a language known to a negligible minority.
Hence Lohiya strongly contended that it should no longer be used for purposes of administration. In a democracy the language of the people should be the language of the government.
Only then the public can understand what the government does and nobody will be at a disadvantage for not knowing English. The regional language should be the medium of instruction in schools and colleges. It is easier for children to learn through their own mother tongue. Spending several years to teach English which is not our language is sheer waste of time.
In spite of spending so much time we are unable to master this language. People who know English begin to think they are different from others. These people are parasites. English Language has created a gulf between the intellectuals and the common man.
So, the regional languages should be used in all walks of life. They should be given priority in courts, in the bazaar, and in all walks of life. These were the views of Lohiya. More than half of our population comprises women.
Their condition is pathetic. Cooking food, breeding children and being a slave to her husband -this is woman's fate. A woman is not considered equal to a man, such is the blind belief sustained through the ages. Hence jobs must be reserved for women in all walks of life. This was the firm stand of Dr. Lohia, the emancipation of women was the foundation of social revolution; without this there can be no prosperity Views on Caste "Caste restricts opportunity.
Restricted opportunity constricts ability. Constricted ability further restricts opportunity. Where caste prevails, opportunity and ability are restricted to ever-narrowing circles of the people". These words from Ram Manohar truly project what he thought of ever existent caste system in India.
He believed that caste system impairs the thought processes and robs the country of fresh ideas. He suggested for a nullification of the caste system through "Roti and Beti bread and daughter ".
He believed that the only way to annihilate the caste barrier is by baking bread roti together as one eating together and by being willing to marry the girls beti despite of what caste the boy belongs to. For the same, he handed out electoral tickets to the higher positions in his United Socialist Party to the lower caste candidates and even promoted them. He also wanted to establish better government schools which would provide equal learning opportunities to everyone despite of the class.
Equality of opportunity, the emancipation of women was the foundation of social revolution; without this there can be no prosperity. Views on Language Dr. Lohia was a versatile genius. He had a sharp intellect. He wielded a sharp pen and he was a very effective and persuasive speaker.
While addressing public gatherings he always spoke in Hindi. His speech used to be translated into the language of the region.
Lohia favored Hindi as the official language of India. He also started Jana a Hindi monthly Dr. Lohia Said "The use of English is a hindrance to original thinking, progenitor of inferiority feelings and a gap between the educated and uneducated public. Come, let us unite to restore Hindi to its original glory. As Parliamentarian Dr. Lohia's association with the Indian Parliament began in , when he was elected to the Third Lok Sabha in a bye-election from Farrukhabad constituency in Uttar Pradesh.
Lohia believed in the ideology of democratic socialism and always stood for power to the elected representative of the people through parliamentary system and at the same time supported the non-violent direct action against every form of injustice. Lohia helped create a day called "Janavani Day" on which people from around the nation would come and present their grievances to members of Parliament.
The tradition continues even today. When he arrived in Parliament in , the country had a one-party government through three general elections.
Lohia shook things up. He had written a pamphlet, "25, Rupees a Day", the amount spent on Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, an obscene sum in a country where the vast majority lived on 3 annas less than one-quarter of a rupee a day. With this experimental feature enabled, this site can hear and respond to what you are looking for.
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